The Definitive Guide to
Peptide Research

An FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist used for type 2 diabetes management and chronic weight management, representing one of the most significant pharmaceutical developments in obesity treatment.

A dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and weight management, demonstrating even greater weight loss efficacy than semaglutide in clinical trials.

A synthetic peptide derived from a protein found in gastric juice, studied for its regenerative and protective properties across multiple tissue types.

The naturally occurring incretin hormone that regulates blood sugar and appetite, serving as the biological template for the revolutionary GLP-1 receptor agonist drug class.

A naturally occurring neuropeptide hormone with established roles in childbirth, lactation, and social bonding, increasingly studied for autism, anxiety, and social cognition.

A tripeptide antioxidant produced in every cell of the body, considered the master antioxidant for its central role in detoxification, immune function, and protection against oxidative stress.

Bioactive peptide fragments derived from collagen protein hydrolysis, among the most widely consumed supplements globally for skin, joint, and bone health support.

An FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes and weight management, predating semaglutide as the first GLP-1 agonist approved specifically for obesity.

A synthetic version of a naturally occurring peptide involved in tissue repair, cell migration, and anti-inflammatory processes, widely used in research and veterinary applications.

A critical coenzyme found in every living cell that plays essential roles in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular signaling, with declining levels associated with aging and age-related diseases.

A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide with broad regenerative properties, extensively used in skincare and studied for wound healing, anti-aging, and tissue remodeling.

A synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog that stimulates pituitary growth hormone secretion, available in two forms with different duration profiles.

A selective growth hormone secretagogue peptide that stimulates GH release with minimal impact on cortisol and prolactin, considered one of the milder GH-releasing peptides.

A synthetic melanocortin peptide that stimulates melanogenesis for skin tanning, also noted for effects on sexual arousal and appetite suppression.

A melanocortin receptor agonist FDA-approved for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women, acting through central nervous system pathways rather than vascular mechanisms.

An orally active growth hormone secretagogue that mimics ghrelin to stimulate GH and IGF-1 release, notable for being a non-peptide small molecule rather than an injectable peptide.

A synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that was previously FDA-approved for diagnosing and treating growth hormone deficiency in children.

The only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, playing a critical role in innate immune defense against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, with additional immunomodulatory and wound healing properties.

A triple-acting agonist targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors simultaneously, representing the next evolution in incretin-based obesity treatment with the highest weight loss observed in clinical trials to date.

One of the first synthetic growth hormone secretagogues discovered, known for potent GH release but also significant appetite stimulation through ghrelin receptor activation.

A synthetic growth hormone secretagogue considered more potent than GHRP-6 with less appetite stimulation, approved in Japan for diagnostic evaluation of GH deficiency.

A modified fragment of human growth hormone specifically studied for fat metabolism, designed to retain lipolytic properties without the growth-promoting or diabetogenic effects of full GH.

A synthetic analog of the naturally occurring immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, developed in Russia as an anxiolytic and nootropic agent with a unique mechanism distinct from benzodiazepines.

A synthetic analog of ACTH(4-10) developed in Russia as a neuroprotective and nootropic agent, approved there for stroke recovery, cognitive disorders, and peptic ulcer treatment.

An FDA-approved GHRH analog specifically indicated for reducing excess abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy, also studied for broader metabolic and cognitive benefits.

A truncated form of the naturally occurring hormone kisspeptin that plays a master regulatory role in reproductive function, studied for fertility applications and hormonal assessment.

A synthetic tetrapeptide studied for its potential to activate telomerase, the enzyme responsible for maintaining telomere length, based on decades of research by Russian gerontologist Vladimir Khavinson.

A naturally occurring thymic peptide that is one of the most clinically validated immune-modulating peptides, approved in multiple countries for hepatitis B/C and as an immune system adjuvant.

The most potent synthetic growth hormone secretagogue in the GHRP family, known for robust GH release and cardioprotective properties, but also notable for causing desensitization with prolonged use.

A tripeptide fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone with potent anti-inflammatory properties, studied for inflammatory bowel conditions and skin inflammation.

A naturally occurring glycoprotein that inhibits myostatin and activin, studied for its potential to promote muscle growth beyond normal genetic limits.

A naturally occurring nonapeptide first isolated from rabbit brain tissue during induced sleep, studied for its role in sleep regulation, stress adaptation, and neuroendocrine modulation.

A modified form of IGF-1 with enhanced potency and a significantly longer half-life, widely studied for muscle growth and cell proliferation effects.

A splice variant of IGF-1 produced in response to mechanical stress on muscle tissue, studied for its role in muscle repair and satellite cell activation.

A mitochondrial-derived peptide with cytoprotective properties, studied for its potential to protect against age-related diseases including Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders.

A mitochondrial-derived peptide that acts as an exercise mimetic, regulating metabolic homeostasis with potential applications in aging, obesity, and metabolic disease.

A mitochondria-targeted peptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, studied for its ability to improve mitochondrial function in aging and disease states.

A complex of neurotrophic peptides derived from porcine brain tissue, approved in many countries for stroke, traumatic brain injury, and dementia, with extensive clinical use particularly in Europe and Asia.

A synthetic peptide derivative of angiotensin IV reported to be millions of times more potent than BDNF at promoting new synaptic connections, studied for cognitive enhancement and neurodegenerative diseases.

A peptide bioregulator derived from thymus gland extract, studied in Russia for immune restoration and anti-aging effects, particularly in elderly populations with declining thymic function.

A naturally occurring 28-amino acid neuropeptide with potent anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and immunoregulatory properties, studied for chronic inflammatory response syndrome and respiratory conditions.

One of the first and most commercially successful cosmetic peptides, designed to reduce wrinkles by partially inhibiting neurotransmitter release at the facial neuromuscular junction.

A lipopeptide that stimulates collagen production by mimicking the body's natural collagen-building signals, one of the most proven and widely used anti-aging cosmetic peptides.

A synthetic octapeptide designed to reduce facial wrinkles by mimicking the mechanism of botulinum toxin, inhibiting the SNARE complex involved in muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction.

A general class of peptides consisting of 15 amino acids, most notably associated with BPC-157, studied for broad tissue-protective and regenerative properties.

A non-peptide, orally available GLP-1 receptor agonist that could revolutionize obesity and diabetes treatment by eliminating the need for injections, in advanced clinical development by Eli Lilly.

A dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist being developed for obesity and NASH, offering a different dual-agonist approach from tirzepatide by targeting glucagon rather than GIP alongside GLP-1.

A combination therapy pairing the amylin analog cagrilintide with semaglutide, designed to provide complementary appetite-suppressing mechanisms for enhanced weight loss.

A soluble form of the activin type IIB receptor that acts as a myostatin trap, initially developed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy before clinical development was halted due to safety concerns.

A synthetic heptapeptide derived from the sortilin propeptide that acts as a TREK-1 potassium channel blocker, studied as a rapid-acting antidepressant with fewer side effects than traditional antidepressants.